The exit immigration administration law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the "exit immigration law") in have come into effect on July 1, 2013, the act of illegal entry, illegal residence and illegal employment of foreigners to strengthen the management, and raising the penalties. In order to ensure the implementation of the administration of entry or exit, then under the state council issued "regulations on the administration of entry and exit of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as" regulations "), the entry of foreigners, residence and employment management further detailed specification of the contents, the regulation will take effect on September 1, 2013. From the perspective of labor law, we will interpret the relevant key points of employment related to foreigners in China under the law of exit and entry administration and regulations.
First, on the visa issue.
The administration of entry or exit visas can be divided into diplomatic, courtesy, service or ordinary visas, four categories, including: for because of work, study, visit relatives, travel, business activities, talent introduction and undiplomatic, public reason aliens, ordinary visas issued by the corresponding category. The categories and methods of issuance of ordinary visas shall be prescribed by the state council. Corresponding to this, the regulations of the administration have made new provisions on the types of visas, among which the work visas mainly involve the following three types:
Visa Z: with previous implementation of the implementing rules for the entry and exit administration about Z visa personnel include "to China office or employment of personnel and their accompanying family members" provisions, the administrative regulations on the issuance of the visa Z personnel range limited to apply for work in China. In addition, it is worth noting that the draft of the central plains to be released in May 2013 Z visa will be broken down into short term and long term, but in the end the management regulations and not to break up, and now remains the same.
2. New r-word visa: also known as the "talent visa", which is specially issued to the foreign high-level talents needed by the country and the special talents who are in urgent need of shortage. , of course, at present about what is "the country needs foreign high-level talent" and "be badly in need of a shortage of professionals," the law does not clearly defined, relevant departments will be announced in the future is expected to conform to the related conditions of position and the details of the talented person.
3. The X visa is divided into two types: the X1 word visa and the personnel who apply for long-term study in China; The X2 word visa is issued to people applying for short-term study in China. Among them, the X1 visa held by the foreign student needs to outside school work-study or internship, shall be subject to consent by the school, the exit and entry administration agency to apply for residence certificates to the public security organ work-study or internship information such as location, period. If the information is not provided for, it shall not be permitted to work outside the school or intern.
The interim period under the management ordinance is currently under way and is expected to be approved and obtained by September 1, 2013 until the visa expires.
Second, the definition of "illegal employment" and related punishment.
The exit and entry administration law defines what constitutes "illegal employment". Illegal employment includes the following three situations:
1. Failing to obtain work permit and working class residence certificate within China;
2. Work in China beyond the scope of work permit;
3. Foreign students who violate the regulations of work-study management, exceed the prescribed scope of posts or work within the boundaries of China.
As long as one of the three conditions is met, it can be regarded as "illegal employment".
According to the relevant provisions of the exit and entry administration law and the regulations on management, foreigners will face fines, detention or even deportation for illegal employment, in particular:
Article 62 of the law on exit and entry administration provides that aliens may be deported in any of the following circumstances:... (3) illegal residence or illegal employment; ...... Persons who have been deported may not enter the country within one to five years from the date of their deportation.
Article 80 the first paragraph of article 80 of the law on the entry and exit of the exit of the People's Republic of China shall be fined not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for five days or less and shall be fined not less than five thousand yuan but not more than twenty thousand yuan.
Units or individuals who illegally employ foreigners to obtain employment shall be subject to fines, confiscation of illegal earnings and even the costs of repatriation in accordance with the provisions of the law. In particular,
The third paragraph of article 80 of the exit and entry administration law stipulates that the total amount of an illegal employment of a foreigner shall be 10,000 yuan, and the total amount shall not exceed 100,000 yuan. If there is any illegal income, the illegal income shall be confiscated.
Article 32 of the regulations of the administrative regulations stipulates that the expenses for the deportation of foreigners shall be borne by me. If a person is unable to bear any of the illegal employment, he shall bear the illegal employment. In other cases, the unit or individual shall bear the guaranty measures for the residence and residence of foreigners in China.
Here to remind the broad masses of unit of choose and employ persons, hire foreigner employment, must be in accordance with article 41 of the administration of entry or exit, deal with a work permit and work class for its residence certificate, otherwise, you may have to pay a heavy price.
Third, the employment of foreigners must assume certain reporting obligations.
According to the administration of entry or exit and the regulations on the management, not only employ foreigners or enroll foreign students, organizations need to fulfill their obligation to report, foreigners leave or change of work area, recruit students for graduation and leave the original recruitment unit, unit also should report to the relevant institutions. Specifically:
"Exit immigration law" article 45 of the first paragraph: hire foreigners work or recruit foreign students unit, shall report to the local public security organ in accordance with the relevant provisions on information.
Article 26 of the regulations on the management regulation: hire foreigners work unit or recruit foreign students, found that any of the following circumstances, it shall timely to the location of the local people's governments at or above the county level public security organ of exit and entry management agencies report:
(1) those employed by foreigners who leave or change their working areas;
(2) graduates of foreign students who have been recruited, completed their studies, studied or dropped out, and left their original recruitment units;
第一、关于签证问题。
《出境入境管理法》将签证分为外交签证、礼遇签证、公务签证、普通签证四类，其中规定：对因工作、学习、探亲、旅游、商务活动、人才引进等非外交、公务事由入境的外国人，签发相应类别的普通签证。普通签证的类别和签发办法由国务院规定。与此相对应，《管理条例》针对签证种类作出了新的规定，其中工作类签证主要涉及以下三种：
1.Z字签证：与先前实施的《外国人入境出境管理法实施细则》关于Z字签证发放人员范围包括“来中国任职或者就业的人员及其随行家属”的规定不同，《管理条例》将Z字签证的发放人员范围仅局限于“申请在中国境内工作的人员”。另外，需要提到的是，2013年5月公布的草案中原提到Z字签证将被细分为短期和长期两种，但最终《管理条例》并没有对此进行拆分，与现在保持不变。
2.新增了R字签证：也可以称为“人才签证”，该类签证是专门发给国家需要的外国高层次人才和急需紧缺专门人才的。当然，目前关于何谓“国家需要的外国高层次人才”和“急需紧缺专门人才”，法律条文并没有明确定义，预计相关部门日后会公布相关符合条件的职位及紧缺人才的具体细节。
3.X签证细分为两种：X1字签证，发给申请在中国境内长期学习的人员；X2字签证，发给申请在中国境内短期学习的人员。其中，所持X1 字签证的外国留学生需要在校外勤工助学或者实习的，应当经所在学校同意后，向公安机关出入境管理机构申请居留证件加注勤工助学或者实习地点、期限等信息。未加注规定信息的，不得在校外勤工助学或者实习。
目前正处于《管理条例》实施的过渡期，预计2013年9月1日之前已经批复并获得的签证直至该签证到期前将仍然有效。
第二，“非法就业”的界定及相关处罚。
《出境入境管理法》对于何谓“非法就业”作出了明确的界定，非法就业包括以下三种情形：
1. 未按照规定取得工作许可和工作类居留证件在中国境内工作的；
2. 超出工作许可限定范围在中国境内工作的；
3. 外国留学生违反勤工助学管理规定，超出规定的岗位范围或者时限在中国境内工作的。
只要符合上述三种情形之一的，即可视为“非法就业”。
根据《出境入境管理法》、《管理条例》的相关规定，外国人非法就业的，将面临罚款、拘留甚至遣送出境的惩处，具体而言：
《出境入境管理法》第六十二条规定：外国人有下列情形之一的，可以遣送出境： ……（三）非法居留、非法就业的；……被遣送出境的人员，自被遣送出境之日起一至五年内不准入境。
《出境入境管理法》第八十条第一款规定：外国人非法就业的，处五千元以上二万元以下罚款；情节严重的，处五日以上十五日以下拘留，并处五千元以上二万元以下罚款。
单位、个人非法聘用外国人就业的，依据法律规定也将受到罚款、没收违法所得甚至承担遣送费用等法律责任，具体而言：
《出境入境管理法》第八十条第三款规定：非法聘用外国人的，处每非法聘用一人一万元，总额不超过十万元的罚款；有违法所得的，没收违法所得。
《管理条例》第三十二条规定：外国人被遣送出境所需的费用由本人承担。本人无力承担的，属于非法就业的，由非法聘用的单位、个人承担；属于其他情形的，由对外国人在中国境内停留居留提供保证措施的单位或者个人承担。
这里要提醒广大用人单位，聘用外国人就业的，必须要按照《出境入境管理法》第四十一条的规定，为其办理工作许可和工作类居留证件，否则，有可能要付出巨大的代价。
第三，单位聘用外国人就业需承担一定的报告义务。
根据《出境入境管理法》及《管理条例》，不仅聘用外国人或招收外国留学生，单位需要履行报告义务，外国人离职或者变更工作地域、招收的留学生因为毕业等原因离开原招收单位的，单位亦应当及时向有关机构报告。具体而言：
《出境入境管理法》第四十五条第一款规定：聘用外国人工作或者招收外国留学生的单位，应当按照规定向所在地公安机关报告有关信息。
《管理条例》第二十六条规定：聘用外国人工作或者招收外国留学生的单位，发现有下列情形之一的，应当及时向所在地县级以上地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构报告：
(一)聘用的外国人离职或者变更工作地域的；
(二)招收的外国留学生毕业、结业、肄业、退学，离开原招收单位的；
