1. Is primary teaching difficult?
Can say is difficult, because the student is like a blank sheet of paper do you want for the students to build his system of Chinese, he will learn phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, Chinese characters, how to interest him, grammar interpretation of the order, the choice of content, and what materials to use in all fart matter a lot.
But also the primary well teach because teaching is a primary people study through the system of teaching, because it is a tool for many organizations have a meal, usually just a simple training primary almost all have no problem.
In general, primary teaching is a stereotyped thing, like McDonald's making hamburgers, not really knowing how to cook, but the taste is good.
Ii. Characteristics of primary school students:
A few kinds:
Working in China.
2. Domestic women
3. Traveling
The child was driven by mother.
Common features:
1. The learning motivation is not very strong, many of them are to learn Chinese as entertainment, but the tuition is not expensive anyway.
2. Review is not usually prepared.
If you want to learn something practical, you can say it is the best.
If you're not interested, you don't learn.
So the principle of primary teaching is.
Focus on practicality.
2. Pay attention to pronunciation and speaking.
3. Lay out the basic grammar system, but not too deeply to explain the grammar.
4. Chinese characters are not the focus, but only the teaching of interest.
Start with the students' real life.
6. The standard language, slang, idioms, xiehouyu, ancient Chinese written language as far as possible do not speak, but can also speak some popular proverb, adjust the classroom atmosphere, but must be short and easy to understand.
7. Don't overload your students with heavy learning. Try to do as much as possible in the classroom, including practice, and try not to write back the homework as much as possible, so that they can go back and say.
8. The teaching atmosphere should be lively and humorous, giving them a sense of money to entertain.
9. Note that some of the common problems and establish a sense of their teach it, or is their teaching is the most commonly used, because when they communicate with friends will encounter many different.
What is the primary education?
According to the bulk:
1. Pinyin is very important, and the foundation must be played well, otherwise the students will not be able to learn pinyin.
2. Text, practical first.
Grammar, still have to teach, but pay attention to want to practice repeatedly, also must put in the scene to speak.
4. Chinese characters are easy to teach, which is not the point. If students are really not interested, or if they really learn, they will not give up.
[1-60 hours] :
According to content:
1. Be a guest, learn how to say hello, polite language, please use it, and ask questions with this food.
Numbers, quantifiers, words, telephone Numbers.
3. Know friends, introduce yourself, family members, name, country, profession, telephone.
Taxi, bearing nouns.
Today and tomorrow, some place nouns.
What do you do, some common verbs?
Time means a method, diary my day.
8. Week, date
9. Money, shopping, market, supermarket, fruit, vegetables, daily necessities, shopping mall, clothes pants shoes.
Go to restaurants, restaurants, cafes, bars.
Make a phone call to cancel a date, call a reservation, make a phone call, and tell you the location of your home.
Introduce your room, front and back.
13. Means of transportation, time period representation method.
Talking about the weather
By grammar:
1. Be a guest, learn how to say hello, polite language, please use it, and ask questions with this food. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
2. Numbers, quantifiers, words, telephone Numbers -- numerals, numerals, words.
Know your friends, introduce yourself, family members, name, country, profession, telephone -- the use of "."
4. Taxi, bearing noun -- "where"
Today, tomorrow and yesterday, some place nouns -- events, the place of time nouns in the future.
What do you do, some common verbs?
Time means a method, diary my day.
8. Week, date
9. Money, shopping, market, supermarket, fruit, vegetable, daily necessities, shopping mall, clothes pants shoes -- verb overlap, "can" and "can".
Go to restaurants, restaurants, cafes, bars.
Make a phone call to cancel a date, call a reservation, make a phone call, and tell you the location of your home.
12. Introduce your room, front and back -- space nouns, existential sentences, and words.
13. In the mode of transportation, the time interval means the method -- the quantity complement, how, the frequency adverb?
Talking about the weather
The above content is about 50 to 60 hours of primary training:
In general, the above including the most common life scenes, if you want to learn the next 50 to 60 hours, content is same, but the discussion deepened a lot, vocabulary, grammatical difficulty also increased.
[61-120 hours] :
According to content:
1. Pick up and send people, tell the time and date accurately, and make the schedule.
Go to a restaurant, discuss what restaurant to go to, why, what to order, why.
Weather, compare the weather in your country and China, and what you often do in certain weather.
4. Shopping, talking about quality, what to buy, price reduction.
What do you like, why do you like it, how do you like it? Praise others.
Travel, travel, schedule and buy tickets.
7. Medical treatment, body parts, description of appearance.
Feelings.
9. All kinds of CARDS and CARDS. (if the demand is not strong enough)
Festivals, national holidays, Chinese festivals.
According to the grammar points: this part is because many textbooks are different, generally not completely corresponding, but generally speaking.
1. ""
2. "change" means change and completion.
3. Degree complement
4. Time complement, momentum complement.
5....... the
6. And just
7. ""
8. Structure auxiliary words "land"
9. Adjective overlap"
10. Results complement.
11. Tend to complement.
Statements and 12.
13. Possible complement.
14. Comparative sentences
Add the words to the letter.
16. An existential sentence
"Be".
In fact, these have already been used in the common grammar, and then are related words, common words, written language, special sentence logic relations.
To the first 50 to 60 hours institution, there is no system for editing the teaching material, the reason is that grammar project itself controversial, and then to continue to speak out the practicability of the text is not applicable, students also know into difficulties, after generally choose better colleges and universities teaching material system of sex, "new Chinese", "spoken Chinese crash", etc.
Noted that when it comes to the second book of 50 to 60 hours when the syntax in the first place to clear up, not only should understand all the grammar, not only to understand what is, how to speak, is not only to students, but also to their peers and boss.
How to teach elementary Chinese?
I. teaching methods:
Repeat -- question and answer -- substitution -- performance.
Turn the text into a language wheel and explain grammar and sentence patterns in a language. Repeat mechanical exercises to make students master and form a reflex.
Take a language wheel and move on to the next one, but when performing, you need to connect with the last language wheel, and finally form a complete dialogue, which gives practical meaning.
Then enter the actual performance stage, can change the language condition, let the student grasp the different situation of different words.
Ii. Teaching preparation:
Photo album - images save a lot of time and are very sharp in practice and presentation.
It takes a lot of work to get at least three examples to support each grammar point.
Let students make sentences of language materials, this also need to prepare, in general is to give students some key words, a scene, let the students use the learned language points in the other words, this is when it comes to the more difficult it is to late to prepare, is the teacher's work force.
If the class is taught, and the class activities are to be prepared, I do not know much about this, so I can refer to the teaching design of task-based teaching method.
Actually all lessons preparation should be training supervisor is responsible for, training competent teachers should organize collective lesson preparation, then discuss the teachers standard example is given, by discussing the language points, determine the effective classroom activity.
Find out the common picture, the company prints the picture book to send the teacher, the company that does so does not have.
Iii. Classroom demonstration:
1. Take a taxi
2. Buy clothes
Iv. Methods of coping with several students:
Work in China -- speak more about the Chinese language you should use in your office.
Family women -- how do you deal with drivers and aunts?
3. To travel -- to play with and introduce tourist attractions.
The child is driven by the mother -- play with the children, after the class crazy homework, give the child his mother to see money has no white flowers.
5. Attention:
1. Don't focus on why and why, focus on how to use, and keep in touch with each other.
2. If you want to speak Chinese culture, don't speak what Confucius, mencius, and began to speak again "beer and skittles, weddings" is about the feudal superstition, such as feng shui, German Goethe talking to you, the French tell you about Sartre, you also don't want to hear.
Tibet is ours, Taiwan is ours, the rest of them love to say what is what, say also not necessarily be false.
* 6. Several advanced student coping methods (non-primary)
Chinese mix - half the time in class, half the time, talking and learning at the best of times, leaving homework.
2. Learn business Chinese -- "the road to success", very good business Chinese teaching materials, pay attention to the students to express, let the students write the Chinese business plan and the business investigation.
Senior 3. Bring your own materials - it takes time to study materials, the material of the proper nouns directly find English interpretation, you have to do is to find and found written language, focuses on the written word meaning and usage
4. HSK -- give two real questions and finish them. If you have taken new Oriental lessons, you can use the same method.
一、初级教学难不难？可以说很难，因为学生就像是一张白纸，你要为学生构建他的汉语体系，他要学习语音，词汇，语法，汉字，怎么使他产生兴趣，语法讲解的顺序，内容上的选择，选用什么教材，总之屁事一大堆。
但是也可以说初级很好教，因为初级教学是一个被人们研究透了的系统教学，因为这是很多机构吃饭的工具，一般来说只要简单的培训初级差不多都没有问题。
总得来说初级教学是个模式化的东西，就像麦当劳做汉堡一样，不用真的懂会做菜，但是做出来的味道还是不错。
二、机构初级学生的特点：
几类人：
1. 在中国工作的
2. 家庭妇女
3. 来旅游的
4. 小孩被妈逼来的
共同特点：
1. 学习动机不是很强，很多就是把学学汉语当作娱乐的，反正学费也不贵。
2. 一般不会预习复习。
3. 就想学点实用的，学完了就能说是最好的。
4. 如果没兴趣就不学了
所以初级教学的原则是
1. 以实用性为主
2. 注重语音和口语
3. 铺设基本的语法体系，但是不过于深入地讲解语法
4. 汉字不作为重点，最多只是兴趣教学
5. 从学生的实际生活出发
6. 教授标准用语，俗语，成语，歇后语，古汉语，书面语尽量不讲，不过也可以讲点流行俗语，调节课堂气氛，但是一定要短小简单好理解。
7. 不要给学生过重的学习负担，能讲的尽量都在课堂完成，包括练习，作业也尽可能不要留写的背的，尽量让那个他们回去说。
8. 教学气氛要生动活泼幽默，给他们一种感觉是花钱来娱乐的。
9. 注意一些常见的问题，并且树立一种自己教的准没错的感觉，或者是自己教的都是最常用的，因为他们跟朋友交流的时候会遇到很多种不同的说法。
三、初级教什么？
按大块来分：
1. 拼音，非常重要，基础一定要打好，否则学生拼音学不好可能会直接放弃。
2. 课文，实用性第一。
3. 语法，还是得教，但是注意要反复练习，也一定要放在场景中讲。
4. 汉字，简单教就行，不是重点，如果学生实在没兴趣，或者实在学不会直接放弃。
【1-60小时所要讲的内容】：
按内容分：
1. 做客，学习怎么打招呼，礼貌用语，请的用法，和用这那对食物提问。
2. 数字，量词，有字句，电话号码
3. 认识朋友，自我介绍，家庭成员，名字，国别，职业，电话
4. 打车，方位名词
5. 今天明天昨天，一些地点名词
6. 干什么，一些常见动词
7. 时间表示方法，日记我的一天
8. 星期，日期
9. 钱，购物，市场，超市，水果，蔬菜，生活常用品，商场，衣服裤子鞋
10. 去餐饮业，饭馆，咖啡厅，酒吧
11. 打电话订约会，打电话取消约会，打电话订位子，打电话送水，说出自己家的具体位置。
12. 介绍自己的房间，前后左右
13. 乘坐交通工具的方式，时间段表示方法
14. 谈论天气
按语法分：
1. 做客，学习怎么打招呼，礼貌用语，请的用法，和用这那对食物提问。——主谓宾结构，形容词谓语句，“吗”的用法，正反疑问句，什么的用法，简单程度副词
2. 数字，量词，有字句，电话号码——数量词用法，数字的念法，有字句
3. 认识朋友，自我介绍，家庭成员，名字，国别，职业，电话——“的”的用法
4. 打车，方位名词——“哪”
5. 今天明天昨天，一些地点名词——事态，将来过去进行时，时间名词的位置
6. 干什么，一些常见动词
7. 时间表示方法，日记我的一天
8. 星期，日期
9. 钱，购物，市场，超市，水果，蔬菜，生活常用品，商场，衣服裤子鞋——动词重叠，“能”“可以”祈使句
10. 去餐饮业，饭馆，咖啡厅，酒吧
11. 打电话订约会，打电话取消约会，打电话订位子，打电话送水，说出自己家的具体位置。
12. 介绍自己的房间，前后左右——空间名词，存现句，也可以引入把字句
13. 乘坐交通工具的方式，时间段表示方法——时量补语，怎么，频率副词
14. 谈论天气
以上内容是初级培训50-60小时所要讲的内容：
一般来说，以上包括了大部分常用的生活场景，如果要学习下一个50-60小时，内容上是差不多的，但是讨论内容深化了很多，词汇，语法难度也加大了。
【61-120小时所要讲的内容】：
按内容分：
1. 接人和送人，要准确说出时间日期，并且制定行程安排。
2. 去饭馆吃饭，要讨论去什么饭馆，为什么，点什么菜，为什么。
3. 天气，要比较自己国家和中国的天气，和在特定天气下自己常常干什么。
4. 购物，谈论质量，什么买，降价。
5. 兴趣爱好，喜欢什么，为什么喜欢，玩得怎么样？夸奖别人。
6. 旅游，去哪旅游，制定行程，如何购票。
7. 看病，身体各个部位，描述长相。
8. 心情感受。
9. 办各种卡，用各种卡。（如果需求不强可以不讲）
10. 节日，自己国家的节日，中国的节日。
按语法分：这部分因为很多教材都不一样，一般不能完全对应，但是一般来说都要讲出来
1. “过”
2. “了”表示变化和完成
3. 程度补语
4. 时量补语，动量补语
5. 就……了
6. 就和才
7. “着”
8. 结构助词“地
9. 形容词重叠”
10. 结果补语
11. 趋向补语
12. 兼语句
13. 可能补语
14. 比较句
15. 把字句+到在给成
16. 存现句
17. “被”字句
其实这些已经把常用语法都讲完了，再之后就是关联词，常用词，书面语，特殊句式的逻辑关系了。
其实到第一个50-60小时机构就没有体系好自编教材了，原因是语法项目本身就有争议，还有就是再继续学下去能讲出来的实用性的课文就不适用了，学生也知道进入难点了，之后一般都会选择体系性更好的高校教材，《新使用汉语》，《汉语口语速成》等系列。
注意的是讲到第二个50-60小时书的时候首先要把这些语法搞清楚，不但要把这些语法都搞清楚，不但搞明白是什么，更要会怎么讲，不单是给学生的，更是给同行和老板看的。
四、初级汉语怎么教？
一、教学方法：
重复——问答——替换——表演
把课文变成语轮，用一个语论去讲解语法和句型，用反复重复的机械练习使学生掌握，形成条件反射。
搞定一个语轮，进行下一个，但是表演时要和上个语轮一起联系，最后形成完整的对话，赋予实际意义。
然后进入真实表演阶段，可以变换语言条件，让学生掌握不同情况的不同说法。
二、教学准备：
图片册——图片会节省很多时间，用在练习和讲解都非常犀利。
例句：每个语法点的讲解上至少要3个例句支撑，5个最好，这里要花很多功夫。
让学生造句的语言材料，这个也要准备，一般来说就是给学生几个关键词，一个情景，让学生用学过的语言点把这句话说出来，这个越讲到后期越难准备，很看老师的功力。
如果班级授课，还要准备课堂活动，这个我研究也不深，可以参看《任务型教学法教学设计》。
其实所有备课准备都应该是机构的培训主管负责的，培训主管应该组织教师集体备课，然后经讨论给出教师标准例句，讨论语言点的讲法，确定有效的课堂活动。
找出常用图片，由公司打印图片册下发老师，这么做的公司基本没有。
三、课堂示范：
1. 打车
2. 买衣服
四、几种学生的应对方法：
1. 在中国工作的——多讲点办公室应该用的汉语
2. 家庭妇女——讲怎么和司机还有阿姨打交道
3. 来旅游的——陪玩，介绍旅游景点
4. 小孩被妈逼来的——就陪小孩玩，上完课狂留作业，给小孩他妈看钱没白花
五、几点注意：
1. 语法讲解重点不要讲是为什么和为什么，重点讲怎么用，并且反复联系。
2. 如果想讲中国文化，什么孔子孟子都不要讲，开始就讲“吃喝玩乐，婚丧嫁娶”再就讲讲封建迷信，比如风水什么的，德国人跟你讲歌德，法国人跟你讲萨特你也不爱听。
3. 西藏是我们的，台湾是我们的，剩下的他们爱说什么就是什么吧，说的也不一定是假的。
*六、几种高级学生应对方法（非初级）
1. 中国混子——一半时间上课，一半时间瞎扯，在扯得最高兴的时候说还要学习呢，多留作业
2. 学商务汉语的——《成功之道》，非常好的商务汉语教材，注意多让学生表达，让学生写汉语商务计划和商务调查
3. 高级自备材料——要花时间研究材料，材料的专有名词直接找到英文解释，你要做的是找到并发现书面语，重点讲解这些书面语的意思和用法
4. HSK——给出两份真题，做完了讲，如果上过新东方的课就用一样的方法既可
